Multiple Intelligences Theory
Multiple Intelligences Theory aims to transform school to school later to accommodate each student with a variety of unique patterns of thought . Howard Gardner (1993 ) asserted that the intelligence scale that had been used , it has many limitations that are less able to predict performance for one's future success . According to Gardner , the intelligence of a person includes the elements of logical mathematical intelligence , linguistic intelligence , musical intelligence , visual-spatial intelligence , kinesthetic intelligence , interpersonal intelligence , intrapersonal intelligence , and naturalist intelligence . In detail, each of these intelligence is described as follows :
1 . Logical - mathematical intelligence
Mathematical - logical intelligence indicates a person's ability to think inductively and deductively , according to the rules of logical thinking , understanding and analyzing patterns of numbers , and solve problems using thinking skills . Learners with high logic - mathematical intelligence tend to like activities analyze and learn cause and effect of something happening .
He like to think conceptually , eg generating hypotheses and conduct categorization and classification of what he faced . Such learners tend to like math activity and has high speed in solving mathematical problems . If not understand , they will tend to try to ask and seek answers to the things that are less understood .
Learners are also very much liked the variety of games that involve active thinking activities , such as playing chess and puzzles .
2 . intelligence language
Intelligence language indicates a person's ability to use language and words , both written and verbal , in many different forms to express their ideas. Language learners with high intelligence are generally characterized by pleasure in activities related to the use of a language such as reading , writing essays , poetry , composing aphorisms , and so on .
Such learners also tend to have a strong memory , for example the names of people , new terms , and the things that are detailed . They tend to be easier to learn by listening and verbalization . In terms of mastery of a new language , these learners generally have a higher capacity than other learners .
3 . Musical intelligence ?
Musical intelligence indicates a person's ability to be sensitive to nonverbal sounds that are around him , including in this case is the tone and rhythm .
Learners of this type tend to be happy to listen to a wonderful tone and rhythm , either through its own dilagukannya chanting , listening to a tape recorder , radio , orchestra performances , or plays a musical instrument itself . They are also easier to remember something and express ideas when linked with music .
4 . Visual - spatial intelligence
Visual - spatial intelligence indicates a person's ability to understand more fully the relationship between objects and space . The learners have the ability , for example , to create a form in his mind 's imagination or the ability to create three- dimensional forms such as found in adults who became a sculptor or architect of the building .
The ability to imagine a real form and then solve various problems in connection with this ability is the thing that stands out on the type of visual - spatial intelligence . Thus learners will excel , for example in the game searching for traces on a scouting activities .
5 . kinesthetic intelligence
Kinesthetic intelligence indicates a person's ability to actively use the parts or the whole body to communicate and solve problems .
It can be found on learners who excel in one sport , like badminton , football , tennis , swimming , and so on , or can also be found on the learner who is good at dancing , acrobatics skilled play , or excel in playing magic .
6 . interpersonal intelligence
Interpersonal intelligence indicates a person's ability to be sensitive to the feelings of others. They tend to understand and interact with others so easily socialize with their surroundings .
Such intelligence is often referred to as social intelligence , which in addition to the ability to establish an intimate friendship with a friend , also includes capabilities such as lead , organize , handle disputes between friends , gain sympathy from other students , and so on .
7 . Intrapersonal intelligence ?
Intrapersonal intelligence indicates a person's ability to be sensitive to the feelings of his own . He tends to be able to recognize the strengths and weaknesses in himself. Such learners are happy to do self introspection , to correct deficiencies and weaknesses , and then try to improve themselves . Some of them tend to like the silence and solitude , reflection , and dialogue with itself .
8 . naturalist intelligence
Naturalist intelligence indicates a person's ability to be sensitive to the natural environment , for example, happy to be in an open natural environment such as the beach , mountains , nature reserves , or forest .
Learners with intelligence like this tend to like to observe the natural environment such as various kinds of rocks , the types of soil layers , various kinds of flora and fauna , celestial bodies , and so on .
Through his concept of multiple intelligences or multiple intelligences Gardner corrects the limitations of the conventional ways of thinking about intelligence from single to plural .
Intelligence is not limited to intelligence as measured by intelligence tests using some of the narrow course , or simply look at achievements displayed a learner through repetition and exams at school alone , but intelligence also illustrates the ability of students in the fields of art , spatial , sports , communicate , and love of the environment .
1 . Logical - mathematical intelligence
Mathematical - logical intelligence indicates a person's ability to think inductively and deductively , according to the rules of logical thinking , understanding and analyzing patterns of numbers , and solve problems using thinking skills . Learners with high logic - mathematical intelligence tend to like activities analyze and learn cause and effect of something happening .
He like to think conceptually , eg generating hypotheses and conduct categorization and classification of what he faced . Such learners tend to like math activity and has high speed in solving mathematical problems . If not understand , they will tend to try to ask and seek answers to the things that are less understood .
Learners are also very much liked the variety of games that involve active thinking activities , such as playing chess and puzzles .
2 . intelligence language
Intelligence language indicates a person's ability to use language and words , both written and verbal , in many different forms to express their ideas. Language learners with high intelligence are generally characterized by pleasure in activities related to the use of a language such as reading , writing essays , poetry , composing aphorisms , and so on .
Such learners also tend to have a strong memory , for example the names of people , new terms , and the things that are detailed . They tend to be easier to learn by listening and verbalization . In terms of mastery of a new language , these learners generally have a higher capacity than other learners .
3 . Musical intelligence ?
Musical intelligence indicates a person's ability to be sensitive to nonverbal sounds that are around him , including in this case is the tone and rhythm .
Learners of this type tend to be happy to listen to a wonderful tone and rhythm , either through its own dilagukannya chanting , listening to a tape recorder , radio , orchestra performances , or plays a musical instrument itself . They are also easier to remember something and express ideas when linked with music .
4 . Visual - spatial intelligence
Visual - spatial intelligence indicates a person's ability to understand more fully the relationship between objects and space . The learners have the ability , for example , to create a form in his mind 's imagination or the ability to create three- dimensional forms such as found in adults who became a sculptor or architect of the building .
The ability to imagine a real form and then solve various problems in connection with this ability is the thing that stands out on the type of visual - spatial intelligence . Thus learners will excel , for example in the game searching for traces on a scouting activities .
5 . kinesthetic intelligence
Kinesthetic intelligence indicates a person's ability to actively use the parts or the whole body to communicate and solve problems .
It can be found on learners who excel in one sport , like badminton , football , tennis , swimming , and so on , or can also be found on the learner who is good at dancing , acrobatics skilled play , or excel in playing magic .
6 . interpersonal intelligence
Interpersonal intelligence indicates a person's ability to be sensitive to the feelings of others. They tend to understand and interact with others so easily socialize with their surroundings .
Such intelligence is often referred to as social intelligence , which in addition to the ability to establish an intimate friendship with a friend , also includes capabilities such as lead , organize , handle disputes between friends , gain sympathy from other students , and so on .
7 . Intrapersonal intelligence ?
Intrapersonal intelligence indicates a person's ability to be sensitive to the feelings of his own . He tends to be able to recognize the strengths and weaknesses in himself. Such learners are happy to do self introspection , to correct deficiencies and weaknesses , and then try to improve themselves . Some of them tend to like the silence and solitude , reflection , and dialogue with itself .
8 . naturalist intelligence
Naturalist intelligence indicates a person's ability to be sensitive to the natural environment , for example, happy to be in an open natural environment such as the beach , mountains , nature reserves , or forest .
Learners with intelligence like this tend to like to observe the natural environment such as various kinds of rocks , the types of soil layers , various kinds of flora and fauna , celestial bodies , and so on .
Through his concept of multiple intelligences or multiple intelligences Gardner corrects the limitations of the conventional ways of thinking about intelligence from single to plural .
Intelligence is not limited to intelligence as measured by intelligence tests using some of the narrow course , or simply look at achievements displayed a learner through repetition and exams at school alone , but intelligence also illustrates the ability of students in the fields of art , spatial , sports , communicate , and love of the environment .
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